Mouth lumps, ulcers & biopsy
Most patches, ulcers and lumps in the mouth are harmless, but any that do not heal need to be checked. A small biopsy is often the quickest way to a clear diagnosis.
Who it may help
- A mouth ulcer that has not healed within three weeks
- A red or white patch, or a lump on the tongue, cheek, gum or lip
- Persistent soreness, or unexplained numbness
Recovery
The area may be sore for a few days; simple painkillers and soft food help. Results are usually available within two to three weeks, sooner when cancer is suspected.
What is involved
A biopsy takes a small sample of tissue under local anaesthetic, usually in about 20 minutes, and the area is closed with dissolving stitches. Some lumps can be removed completely at the same visit. The sample is examined by a pathologist and the result explained to you at follow-up.
Risks and side effects
All surgery carries some risk. The main ones for this treatment are listed below; your own risk depends on your health and the details of your operation.
- Discomfort and swelling for a few days
- Bleeding or infection – uncommon
- Numbness near the site – rare
- Occasionally a second biopsy is needed to reach a diagnosis
Alternatives
Some conditions can be diagnosed by examination and monitored with photographs, or managed by an oral medicine specialist without a biopsy.
Guidance and standards
If oral cancer is suspected you will be seen on the NHS urgent suspected cancer pathway and your case discussed in the head and neck MDT, in line with BAHNO standards.
Questions worth asking at your appointment
- Benefits – what will this treatment do for me?
- Risks – what could go wrong, and how likely is it for me?
- Alternatives – what other options are there?
- Nothing – what happens if I wait, or decide not to have treatment?
Based on the Choosing Wisely UK BRAN questions.